Computer Network

Computer Network

A “computer network” is a communication system that connects two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share resources. Computers in a network can be set up in different ways to suit the needs of users.

To understand computer networks, you need to get familiar with certain terms which are as follows:

Node: This is a device that is connected to a network. It could be any device such as a data storage device, a printer or a computer.

Client : This is a node that uses a resource from another node. Typically, a client is a user’s microcomputer.

Server: This is a node that shares resources with other nodes. A dedicated server is a computer that specializes in performing specific tasks. Dedicated servers are typically used for websites that have high traffic, and are quite powerful. A non-dedicated server can function as both a client and a server.

Hub: This is the central node for other nodes. It may be a server or simply a connection point for cables from other nodes.

Network Administrator: This is a person who is a computer specialist responsible for efficient operation of the network and implementation of new networks.

Distributed Processing: This is a system where computing power is located and shared at different locations. In decentralized organizations, computer systems at different locations are networked to a main or centralized computer.

Host Computer: This is a large centralized computer, usually a minicomputer or a mainframe.

Network interface cards (NIC): These are expansion cards located within the system unit that connect the computer to a network. They are sometimes referred to as “LAN adapters”.

Network operating systems (NOS): They control and coordinate activities such as electronic communication and resource sharing between the computers and devices on a network.

Now that you are familiar with the terminology related to computer networks, let us have a look at the types of networks.

Network Types: Different types of channels allow different kinds of networks to be formed. Telephone lines for example may connect communications equipment within a home or building. Networks may also be citywide and even international. The network types based on the geographical area they serve are local area, metropolitan area and wide area networks.