Computer Network
A “computer network” is a communication system that connects
two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share
resources. Computers in a network can be set up in different ways to suit the
needs of users.
To understand computer networks, you need to get familiar
with certain terms which are as follows:
Node: This is a device that is connected to a network. It
could be any device such as a data storage device, a printer or a computer.
Client : This is a node that uses a resource from another
node. Typically, a client is a user’s microcomputer.
Server: This is a node that shares resources with other
nodes. A dedicated server is a computer that specializes in performing specific
tasks. Dedicated servers are typically used for websites that have high
traffic, and are quite powerful. A non-dedicated server can function as both a
client and a server.
Hub: This is the central node for other nodes. It may be a
server or simply a connection point for cables from other nodes.
Network Administrator: This is a person who is a computer
specialist responsible for efficient operation of the network and
implementation of new networks.
Distributed Processing: This is a system where computing
power is located and shared at different locations. In decentralized
organizations, computer systems at different locations are networked to a main
or centralized computer.
Host Computer: This is a large centralized computer, usually
a minicomputer or a mainframe.
Network interface cards (NIC): These are expansion cards
located within the system unit that connect the computer to a network. They are
sometimes referred to as “LAN adapters”.
Network operating systems (NOS): They control and coordinate
activities such as electronic communication and resource sharing between the
computers and devices on a network.
Now that you are familiar with the terminology related to
computer networks, let us have a look at the types of networks.
Network Types: Different types of channels allow different
kinds of networks to be formed. Telephone lines for example may connect
communications equipment within a home or building. Networks may also be
citywide and even international. The network types based on the geographical
area they serve are local area, metropolitan area and wide area networks.
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