Types of Systems
(1) Batch Systems :- In the early computers the common input devices were card readers and tape
drives. The output devices were printer, tape drive and card punches. In these system user didn’t interact
directly with the computer systems.
User Prepare a job in the form of program data & some control information and submitted it to the
computer Operator. These jobs are in the form of punch cards & Letters on the result of the program
in displayed. In the early computer the major task of the operating system is to transfer the control
automatically from one job to the next.
Operator make the batch of similar type of job to speed up the processing. The main problem of these
system is most of the time the CPU is idle.
(2) Multi programmed Systems :- The main advantage of the multiprogramming system is to increase
the CPU Utilization and every time CPU execute a job.
All the jobs which require the CPU execution are kept in the job pool. The O/S picks the specific job
and execute it in the memory. When the job executes completely CPU Switch to the Another job.
Multiprogramming Concept in the just like the lawyer which does not work for only one client at a
time. Multiprogramming is the first instance where the o/s must make decision for the users. All the jobs
that are enter the system are kept in the job pool. If several jobs are real to the brought in memory then
the system must choose among them. This decision is called job scheduling. If several jobs are ready to
run at the same time the system must choose among them. This decision is called CPU scheduling.
(3) Time Sharing System :- Both the above system provide the resource utilization but doesn’t provide
the user interaction with computer. So the another logical extension is consider which in called time
sharing. In this concept CPU execute multiple job by switching among them.
Time shared o/s allows many users to share the computer simultaneously. Each job execute in the CPU
for little time. CPU rapidly switches to one user to another. So we say that time shared operating system
uses CPU Scheduling. A program loaded into memory and execute it is known as process.
Time sharing o/s is more complex than multiprogramming o/s. In both, several jobs are kept
simultaneously in memory, so the system must have memory management and protection.
Time sharing also provide disk management and concurrent execution.
(4) Desktop System :- The main goal of these o/s is changed with time. These system maximize the
user convenience and responsiveness. These are neither multi-user nor multi tasking.
These systems are able to adapt the technology develop for larger operating system. H/W cost of these
computer are low and CPU utilization is not the prime concern.
(5) Multi Processor System :- These systems have more than one processor, for communication they
share the computer bus clock, memory and peripheral devices. These systems have three advantages :-
(1) It increase throughput :- In a specific time how much processes are execute is called throughput.
We hope that when the processors are increases then process execution time is less. But the speed up
ratio with N Processors is not N.
(2) Increased Reliability :- In the Multi Processor systems all the work is distributed properly to all the
processors. If any failure is occur in the network these processor doesn’t halt the system only slow the
speed.
Multiprocessor Systems are further divided into two parts :-
(1) Symmetric Multi Processing
(2) Asymmetric Multi Processing
(1) Symmetric Multi Processing :- In this each processor runs and identical copy of the operating
system and these copies communicate with one another when needed
(2)Asymmetric Multi processing :- In this each processor perform a specific work. Master
processor control the system and the other processor work as per instruction of master. This
scheme is also called master save relationship.
CPU
Memory
S-M-P
(6) Distributed Systems :- Network is path where two or more systems are communicate. Networks are
based on the distances between their nodes. They are divide into 4 parts :-
(1) LAN
(2) WAN
(3) MAN
(4) SAN (Small Area Network)
These Network are very by their performance and reliability.
Client-Server System :- These are also called centralized system. Centralized system act as as server
systems to satisfy request generate by client systems.
Server system is divided into two parts :-
(1) Compute Server Systems :-
(2) File Server Systems
(1) Batch Systems :- In the early computers the common input devices were card readers and tape
drives. The output devices were printer, tape drive and card punches. In these system user didn’t interact
directly with the computer systems.
User Prepare a job in the form of program data & some control information and submitted it to the
computer Operator. These jobs are in the form of punch cards & Letters on the result of the program
in displayed. In the early computer the major task of the operating system is to transfer the control
automatically from one job to the next.
Operator make the batch of similar type of job to speed up the processing. The main problem of these
system is most of the time the CPU is idle.
(2) Multi programmed Systems :- The main advantage of the multiprogramming system is to increase
the CPU Utilization and every time CPU execute a job.
All the jobs which require the CPU execution are kept in the job pool. The O/S picks the specific job
and execute it in the memory. When the job executes completely CPU Switch to the Another job.
Multiprogramming Concept in the just like the lawyer which does not work for only one client at a
time. Multiprogramming is the first instance where the o/s must make decision for the users. All the jobs
that are enter the system are kept in the job pool. If several jobs are real to the brought in memory then
the system must choose among them. This decision is called job scheduling. If several jobs are ready to
run at the same time the system must choose among them. This decision is called CPU scheduling.
(3) Time Sharing System :- Both the above system provide the resource utilization but doesn’t provide
the user interaction with computer. So the another logical extension is consider which in called time
sharing. In this concept CPU execute multiple job by switching among them.
Time shared o/s allows many users to share the computer simultaneously. Each job execute in the CPU
for little time. CPU rapidly switches to one user to another. So we say that time shared operating system
uses CPU Scheduling. A program loaded into memory and execute it is known as process.
Time sharing o/s is more complex than multiprogramming o/s. In both, several jobs are kept
simultaneously in memory, so the system must have memory management and protection.
Time sharing also provide disk management and concurrent execution.
(4) Desktop System :- The main goal of these o/s is changed with time. These system maximize the
user convenience and responsiveness. These are neither multi-user nor multi tasking.
These systems are able to adapt the technology develop for larger operating system. H/W cost of these
computer are low and CPU utilization is not the prime concern.
(5) Multi Processor System :- These systems have more than one processor, for communication they
share the computer bus clock, memory and peripheral devices. These systems have three advantages :-
(1) It increase throughput :- In a specific time how much processes are execute is called throughput.
We hope that when the processors are increases then process execution time is less. But the speed up
ratio with N Processors is not N.
(2) Increased Reliability :- In the Multi Processor systems all the work is distributed properly to all the
processors. If any failure is occur in the network these processor doesn’t halt the system only slow the
speed.
Multiprocessor Systems are further divided into two parts :-
(1) Symmetric Multi Processing
(2) Asymmetric Multi Processing
(1) Symmetric Multi Processing :- In this each processor runs and identical copy of the operating
system and these copies communicate with one another when needed
(2)Asymmetric Multi processing :- In this each processor perform a specific work. Master
processor control the system and the other processor work as per instruction of master. This
scheme is also called master save relationship.
CPU
Memory
S-M-P
(6) Distributed Systems :- Network is path where two or more systems are communicate. Networks are
based on the distances between their nodes. They are divide into 4 parts :-
(1) LAN
(2) WAN
(3) MAN
(4) SAN (Small Area Network)
These Network are very by their performance and reliability.
Client-Server System :- These are also called centralized system. Centralized system act as as server
systems to satisfy request generate by client systems.
Server system is divided into two parts :-
(1) Compute Server Systems :-
(2) File Server Systems
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